Difference between "Project" and "Product"

1. A Software project is based on single client's request. Product is generic for any relevant client's request.
2. Project can give solution for one particular problem existing on particular company. Product is solution for the problem exists in the industry, can be customizable to any company.

Login as root in Linux

• Open Applications>Accessories>Terminal.

• Type: sudo -s.
• It asks for a password and you have give password of your account. Here, -s means super user account, run the login scripts.

 

• When you want to logout then type exit and you are done with logout of the root.
• For setting the password for the login of root, open: System>Administration>Users and Groups.
• Unlock root with your current password and set the password manually.
  
  
  Now open System>Administration>Login Window. Open Security tab and check the Allow local administrator login option. Now logout and you can again login as a root
  
  
  

Login Window -- Linux

Don't you get bored with the same login theme and the same login sound? If you are, then you can change the settings and then enjoy with a new theme all over.

In order to change anything with regards to the login, you have to open

System>Administration>Login Window.

First let's talk about the login window theme. To change a login window theme, you have to open the "Login Window" and go to the "Local" tab as shown in the below figure. 

You can change the default welcome message. By default, it will be "Welcome" on the screen.

 Style: You have four options here.

1. Plain
2. Plain with face browser
   
3. Themed
4. Themed with face browser

Plain:

You can either select a background color or a background image for your login screen. You can also select a logo which appears at the top of the actual login window. So, if you have a very cool wallpaper, then this gets very near to the themed style.

Given below is a figure that gives you an outlook of the first case of selecting a background color.

The second possibility of going for a background image is shown in the below figure.

As can be seen from the figures above, you can also specify the position of the window. You are also given the lock window option through which you cannot move the login window. Precisely, you have a lot of flexibility in selecting this style.

Plain with face browser:

This style is similar to the plain style.

Themed:

You will be provided a set of themes. If you want to add some more themes then drag and drop the theme into the tab. You can remove the unwanted themes as well.

You can now select the theme at the time of login. If you are interested in more than one theme, then select the "Random from selected" option and select the themes. Each time, you will get a randomized theme out of your choices.

Themed with face browser:

This style is similar to the themed style.

Sound Settings:

This is all about the look and feel in the login screen. Now lets get into the sound settings at the time of login.

Go to System>Administration>Login Window.

Open the "Accessibility" tab. Select the .wav or .ogg audio file for "Login Screen Ready". But to change the login sound preferences, you need to go to System>Preferences>Sound. Open the "Sounds" tab.

Change the login sound here. Then uncheck the "Login Success" and "Login Failed" in the Login Window. Enjoy with this new piece of sound at startup.

Logging in as administrator in windows XP

If you want to log in as administrator in

1. Windows XP Home: Then while starting your system, press F8 so that it boots with the safe mode. So, you can login as administrator then easily as the safe mode does not ask you for a pasword.
2. Windows XP Professional: While logging in at the welcome screen just press Ctrl-Alt-Del twice, type the username as 'Administrator' and press OK. You are now automatically logged in as administrator

Easy virus removal from Pen Drives with a dual boot system

Most of us using Windows are often troubled by viruses. One important thing to note is that the viruses designed differ from one operating system to the other. So, this indeed gives a very good idea to easily remove viruses without being troubled much. Especially, when you are using pen drives there is a huge threat of virus installation into the windows mainly (more prone to viruses). So, if you can identify virus in the pen drive, then it is better to first open it in the second operating system preferrably and perform manual deletion of those viruses.

In this special case, I have the host operating system to be Windows XP with Ubuntu Linux as the guest operating system. I had the autorun and recycler viruses, which I identified early enough so that no damage is done in Windows. So, I opened the contents of the pen drive and deleted all the viruses without any problem and they were quite easily removed from the pen drive. Also, as viruses differ from one operating system to another, we dont have any sort of threat in the Linux (guest operating system).

Relation between Voltage and the data in Binary

As we already know the computer electronic components receive the power as voltages. But, basically the computer data is digital. These voltages have to be represented as binary 0's and 1's and there are sophisticated components used for this purpose.

For example, consider a flip flop which has the capability of storing only one bit at a time. It can store a binary 0 or a binary 1 at a time. This status of the flip flop(either having 1 or 0) can be represented by voltages. For example, binary 1 held by a flip-flop is represented by +5V and 0 by +0V.

The same method can also be applied to registers since the register is a group of flip-flops.

Mozilla Firefox Sucks

One of the most powerful web browser in Linux, Mozilla Firefox has a very high CPU Utilisation. Its CPU Utilisation at times reaches a maximum of 98% at high load conditions in the web browser.

One such instance is as shown below:



Here, as the screenlet meter shows, 96% of CPU is being used.

The Ubuntu8.10-Linux tells us that 256 MB RAM is enough for running it, but if Mozilla Firefox is in use, then the computer will become really really slow. Switching between processes takes a lot of time in systems with 256MB RAM.

I would prefer going to Opera rather than using Mozilla Firefox. Opera provides the best tab facility and operates faster than Firefox. There are also other light weight web browsers but they have their own disadvantages and also don't have the features provided by the above two browsers.

Relatively, I observed that Mozilla Firefox in Windows operating system delivers better performance than in Linux.

Avant Window Navigator

Avant Window Navigator is a king of an extra element in order to give Linux a better look and feel.

To get it started automatically after being switched ON you have to follow the given procedure:

1. Go to System>Preferences>Sessions.
2. Add a startup program by clicking on Add.
3. Name: AWN Manager, Command: avant-window-navigator

Now coming to the usage of the Avant Window navigator,

1. Go to Applications>Accessories>Avant Window navigator
2. The manager for AWN will be opened something like this:
3. As you can see, you can try different variations of appearances of this AWN.
4. You can also add, delete, install and change the order of the applets in AWN. The activated applets can only be present on the AWN Bar. To add an extra applet to AWN from an icon in the Desktop, we just need to drag and drop on the bar and you are done. These applets are available for free download on the internet. So, no need to panic.
5. Similarly, you can add more new themes into this manager to enable great look and feel.